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Association of Same-Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States With Costs and Outcomes

Mamas

Association of Same-Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States With Costs and Outcomes Thumbnail


Authors



Abstract

Importance
Same-day discharge (SDD) after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with lower costs and preferred by patients. However, to our knowledge, contemporary patterns of SDD after elective PCI with respect to the incidence, hospital variation, trends, costs, and safety outcomes in the United States are unknown.

Objective
To examine (1) the incidence and trends in SDD; (2) hospital variation in SDD; (3) the association between SDD and readmissions for bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or mortality at 30, 90, and 365 days after PCI; and (4) hospital costs of SDD and its drivers.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This observational cross-sectional cohort study included 672?470 patients enrolled in the nationally representative Premier Healthcare Database who underwent elective PCI from 493 hospitals between January 2006 and December 2015 with 1-year follow-up.

Exposures
Same-day discharge, defined by identical dates of admission, PCI procedure, and discharge.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Death, bleeding requiring a blood transfusion, AKI and AMI at 30, 90, or 365 days after PCI, and costs from hospitals’ perspective, inflated to 2016.

Results
Among 672?470 elective PCIs, 221?997 patients (33.0%) were women, 30?711 (4.6%) were Hispanic, 51?961 (7.7%) were African American, and 491?823 (73.1%) were white. The adjusted rate of SDD was 3.5% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.0%), which increased from 0.4% in 2006 to 6.3% in 2015. We observed substantial hospital variation for SDD from 0% to 83% (median incidence rate ratio, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.48-4.23), implying an average (median) 382% likelihood of SDD at one vs another hospital. Among SDD (vs non-SDD) patients, there was no higher risk of death, bleeding, AKI, or AMI at 30, 90, or 365 days. Same-day discharge was associated with a large cost savings of $5128 per procedure (95% CI, $5006-$5248), driven by reduced supply and room and boarding costs. A shift from existing SDD practices to match top-decile SDD hospitals could annually save $129 million in this sample and $577 million if adopted throughout the United States. However, residual confounding may be present, limiting the precision of the cost estimates.

Conclusions and Relevance
Over 2006 to 2015, SDD after elective PCI was infrequent, with substantial hospital variation. Given the safety and large savings of more than $5000 per PCI associated with SDD, greater and more consistent use of SDD could markedly increase the overall value of PCI care.

Acceptance Date Aug 2, 2018
Publication Date Sep 26, 2018
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal JAMA Cardiology
Print ISSN 2380-6583
Publisher American Medical Association
DOI https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3029
Publisher URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3029