Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to develop and validate a prediction model for fat mass in children and adolescents

An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to develop and validate a prediction model for fat mass in children and adolescents Thumbnail


Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a prediction model for fat mass in children aged 4-15 years using routinely available risk factors of height, weight, and demographic information without the need for more complex forms of assessment.

Design
Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Setting
Four population based cross sectional studies and a fifth study for external validation, United Kingdom.

Participants
A pooled derivation dataset (four studies) of 2375 children and an external validation dataset of 176 children with complete data on anthropometric measurements and deuterium dilution assessments of fat mass.

Main outcome measure
Multivariable linear regression analysis, using backwards selection for inclusion of predictor variables and allowing non-linear relations, was used to develop a prediction model for fat-free mass (and subsequently fat mass by subtracting resulting estimates from weight) based on the four studies. Internal validation and then internal-external cross validation were used to examine overfitting and generalisability of the model’s predictive performance within the four development studies; external validation followed using the fifth dataset.

Results
Model derivation was based on a multi-ethnic population of 2375 children (47.8% boys, n=1136) aged 4-15 years. The final model containing predictor variables of height, weight, age, sex, and ethnicity had extremely high predictive ability (optimism adjusted R2: 94.8%, 95% confidence interval 94.4% to 95.2%) with excellent calibration of observed and predicted values. The internal validation showed minimal overfitting and good model generalisability, with excellent calibration and predictive performance. External validation in 176 children aged 11-12 years showed promising generalisability of the model (R2: 90.0%, 95% confidence interval 87.2% to 92.8%) with good calibration of observed and predicted fat mass (slope: 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.07). The mean difference between observed and predicted fat mass was -1.29 kg (95% confidence interval -1.62 to -0.96 kg).

Conclusion
The developed model accurately predicted levels of fat mass in children aged 4-15 years. The prediction model is based on simple anthropometric measures without the need for more complex forms of assessment and could improve the accuracy of assessments for body fatness in children (compared with those provided by body mass index) for effective surveillance, prevention, and management of clinical and public health obesity.

Acceptance Date Jun 6, 2019
Publication Date Jul 24, 2019
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal BMJ
Print ISSN 0959-8138
Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
Pages 1 - 10
DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4293
Keywords fat mass; adolescents
Publisher URL https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4293

Files




Downloadable Citations