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Investigation of potential phenotypes of foot osteoarthritis: cross-sectional analysis from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot

Rathod, Trishna; Marshall, Michelle; Thomas, Martin J.; Menz, Hylton B.; Myers, Helen L.; Thomas, Elaine; Downes, Thomas; Peat, George; Roddy, Edward

Investigation of potential phenotypes of foot osteoarthritis: cross-sectional analysis from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot Thumbnail


Authors

Trishna Rathod

Hylton B. Menz

Helen L. Myers

Elaine Thomas

Thomas Downes

George Peat



Abstract

Objective
To investigate the existence of distinct foot osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes based on pattern of joint involvement and comparative symptom and risk profiles.

Methods
Participants ages =50 years reporting foot pain in the previous year were drawn from a population-based cohort. Radiographs were scored for OA in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, first and second cuneometatarsal, navicular first cuneiform, and talonavicular joints according to a published atlas. Chi-square tests established clustering, and odds ratios (ORs) examined symmetry and pairwise associations of radiographic OA in the feet. Distinct underlying classes of foot OA were investigated by latent class analysis (LCA) and their association with symptoms and risk factors was assessed.

Results
In 533 participants (mean age 64.9 years, 55.9% female) radiographic OA clustered across both feet (P < 0.001) and was highly symmetrical (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% confidence interval 2.1, 4.2). LCA identified 3 distinct classes of foot OA: no or minimal foot OA (64%), isolated first MTP joint OA (22%), and polyarticular foot OA (15%). After adjustment for age and sex, polyarticular foot OA was associated with nodal OA, increased body mass index, and more pain and functional limitation compared to the other classes.

Conclusion
Patterning of radiographic foot OA has provided insight into the existence of 2 forms of foot OA: isolated first MTP joint OA and polyarticular foot OA. The symptom and risk factor profiles in individuals with polyarticular foot OA indicate a possible distinctive phenotype of foot OA, but further research is needed to explore the characteristics of isolated first MTP joint and polyarticular foot OA.

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jul 21, 2015
Online Publication Date Aug 3, 2015
Publication Date 2016-02
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Arthritis Care and Research
Print ISSN 2151-464X
Publisher Wiley
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 68
Issue 2
Pages 217-227
DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22677
Publisher URL https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22677

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