High-resolution terrestrial laser scanning and 3D modelling of a mineral deposit for extraction management optimisation

Abstract

Mineral deposits located in complex tectonic settings demand a precise prediction of the raw material capacity with respect to spatial extension, volume and raw material quality. Additionally, the reliable prognosis of the raw material capacity leads to economic and ecologic optimisation of the extraction management. Here, we use Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) combined with 3D modelling to develop a high-resolution 3D structural model of a carbonate deposit (Muschelkalk) within a Saxonian graben structure (Hesse, Germany), where the future extraction will be restricted to smaller areas. TLS creates High Resolution Digital Elevation Models (HRDEM) and supports 3D modelling by using the range of different backscattered signals as thematic information. Differences within their ranges depend on specific rock properties and thus allow distinguishing between different rock types. Having the model built, the CaO content of the stratigraphic members is integrated using geochemical attribute classes. The combination of geochemical parameters with structural components in the 3D model enables to provide maps that display the spatial distribution of specific raw material characteristics within the mineral deposit. These maps serve to identify areas that fit to the specific raw material demand of a broad product range. Thus, our methods allow the characterisation of homogeneous rock units for extraction as well as for the optimisation of the future extraction management. Different extraction scenarios may be displayed and finally contribute to plan ongoing extraction activities.