Selvaskandan, H, Hull, KL, Adenwalla, S, Ahmed, S, Cusu, M-C, Graham-Brown, M, Gray, L, Hall, M, Hamer, R, Kanbar, A, Kanji, H, Lambie, MR, Lee, HS, Mahdi, K, Major, R, Medcalf, JF, Natarajan, S, Oseya, B, Stringer, S, Tabinor, M and Burton, J (2022) Risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity among patients on maintenance haemodialysis: a retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study in the UK. BMJ Open, 12 (5). e054869 - e054869. ISSN 2044-6055

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Abstract

Objectives To assess the applicability of risk factors for severe COVID-19 defined in the general population for patients on haemodialysis.

Setting A retrospective cross-sectional study performed across thirty four haemodialysis units in midlands of the UK.

Participants All 274 patients on maintenance haemodialysis who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on PCR testing between March and August 2020, in participating haemodialysis centres.

Exposur: The utility of obesity, diabetes status, ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and socioeconomic deprivation scores were investigated as risk factors for severe COVID-19.

Main outcomes and measures Severe COVID-19, defined as requiring supplemental oxygen or respiratory support, or a C reactive protein of ≥75 mg/dL (RECOVERY trial definitions), and its association with obesity, diabetes status, ethnicity, CCI, and socioeconomic deprivation.

Results 63.5% (174/274 patients) developed severe disease. Socioeconomic deprivation associated with severity, being most pronounced between the most and least deprived quartiles (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.22 to 6.47, p=0.015), after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity. There was no association between obesity, diabetes status, ethnicity or CCI with COVID-19 severity. We found no evidence of temporal evolution of cases (p=0.209) or clustering that would impact our findings.

Conclusion The incidence of severe COVID-19 is high among patients on haemodialysis; this cohort should be considered high risk. There was strong evidence of an association between socioeconomic deprivation and COVID-19 severity. Other risk factors that apply to the general population may not apply to this cohort.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Uncontrolled Keywords: COVID-19; dialysis; epidemiology
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Medicine
Depositing User: Symplectic
Date Deposited: 17 Jun 2022 14:39
Last Modified: 20 Jul 2022 14:31
URI: https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/11041

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