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Dysregulation of Tweak and Fn14 in skeletal muscle of spinal muscular atrophy mice

Bowerman

Dysregulation of Tweak and Fn14 in skeletal muscle of spinal muscular atrophy mice Thumbnail


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Abstract

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a childhood neuromuscular disorder caused by depletion of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA is characterized by the selective death of spinal cord motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle wasting. Loss of skeletal muscle in SMA is a combination of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and intrinsic muscle pathologies. Elucidation of the pathways involved is essential to identify the key molecules that contribute to and sustain muscle pathology. The tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/TNF receptor superfamily member fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as muscle proliferation, differentiation and metabolism in adults. However, it is not clear whether this pathway would be important in highly dynamic and developing muscle.

Methods: We thus investigated the potential role of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in SMA muscle pathology, using the severe Taiwanese Smn-/-
;SMN2 and the less severe Smn2B/- SMA mice, which undergo a progressive neuromuscular decline in the first three post-natal weeks. We also used experimental models of denervation and muscle injury in pre-weaned wild type (WT) animals and siRNA-mediated knockdown in C2C12 muscle cells to conduct additional mechanistic investigations.

Results: Here, we report significantly dysregulated expression of Tweak, Fn14 and previously proposed downstream effectors during disease progression in skeletal muscle of the two SMA mouse models. In addition, siRNA-mediated Smn knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts suggests a genetic interaction between Smn and the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway. Further analyses of SMA, Tweak-/-and Fn14 -/- mice revealed dysregulated myopathy, myogenesis and glucose metabolism pathways as a common skeletal muscle feature, providing further evidence in support of a relationship between the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway and Smn. Finally, administration of the TWEAK/Fn14 agonist Fc-TWEAK improved disease phenotypes in the two SMA mouse models.

Conclusions: Our study provides mechanistic insights into potential molecular players that contribute to muscle pathology in SMA and into likely differential responses of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in developing muscle.

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jul 10, 2022
Publication Date Jul 28, 2022
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Skeletal Muscle
Publisher Springer Verlag
Volume 12
Issue 1
Article Number ARTN 18
Pages 1-25
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s13395-022-00301-z
Keywords spinal muscular atrophy, survival motor neuron, Smn, Tweak, Fn14, glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle, atrophy, denervation
Publisher URL https://skeletalmusclejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13395-022-00301-z

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