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TOI-712: A System of Adolescent Mini-Neptunes Extending to the Habitable Zone

Hellier

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Abstract

As an all-sky survey, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is able to detect the brightest and rarest types of transiting planetary systems, including young planets that enable study of the evolutionary processes that occur within the first billion years. Here we report the discovery of a young, multiplanet system orbiting the bright K4.5V star, TOI-712 (V = 10.838, ${M}_{\star }={0.733}_{-0.025}^{+0.026}\,{M}_{\odot }$, R? = 0.674 ± 0.016 R?, ${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}={4622}_{-60}^{+61}$ K). From the TESS light curve, we measure a rotation period of 12.48 days and derive an age between about 500 Myr and 1.1 Gyr. The photometric observations reveal three transiting mini-Neptunes (${R}_{b}={2.049}_{-0.080}^{+0.120}\,{R}_{\oplus }$, ${R}_{c}={2.701}_{-0.082}^{+0.092}\,{R}_{\oplus }$, ${R}_{d}={2.474}_{-0.082}^{+0.090}\,{R}_{\oplus }$), with orbital periods of Pb = 9.531 days, Pc = 51.699 days, and Pd = 84.839 days. After modeling the three-planet system, an additional Earth-sized candidate is identified, TOI-712.05 (P = 4.32 days, RP = 0.81 ± 0.11 R?). We calculate that the habitable zone falls between 0.339 and 0.844 au (82.7 and 325.3 days), placing TOI-712 d near its inner edge. Among planetary systems harboring temperate planets, TOI-712 (T = 9.9) stands out as a relatively young star bright enough to motivate further characterization.

Acceptance Date Jun 14, 2022
Publication Date Aug 1, 2022
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Astronomical Journal
Print ISSN 0004-6256
Publisher American Astronomical Society
DOI https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac7954
Keywords Exoplanets; Mini Neptunes; Exoplanet evolution; Exoplanet formation; Transits; Transit photometry; Exoplanet dynamics; Exoplanet systems
Publisher URL https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac7954

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