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Khan, SU, Gurley, ES, Gerloff, N, Rahman, MZ, Simpson, N, Rahman, M, Haider, N, Chowdhury, S, Balish, A, Zaman, RU, Nasreen, S, Chandra Das, B, Azziz-Baumgartner, E, Sturm-Ramirez, K, Davis, CT, Donis, RO and Luby, SP (2018) Avian influenza surveillance in domestic waterfowl and environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh, 2007–2012. Scientific Reports, 8 (1). pp. 1-10. ISSN 2045-2322
2. 14. 2018. 2 Khan et al Avian Inlfuenza in waterfowl in Bangladesh_SciRep_ s41598-018-27515-w.pdf - Published Version
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Abstract
Avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic, animal and public health concerns. We implemented live bird market surveillance in Bangladesh to identify the subtypes of avian influenza A viruses in domestic waterfowl and market environments. We collected waterfowl samples monthly from 4 rural sites from 2007 to 2012 and environmental samples from 4 rural and 16 urban sites from 2009 to 2012. Samples were tested through real-time RT-PCR, virus culture, and sequencing to detect and characterize avian influenza A viruses. Among 4,308 waterfowl tested, 191 (4.4%) were positive for avian influenza A virus, including 74 (1.9%) avian influenza A/H5 subtype. The majority (99%, n = 73) of the influenza A/H5-positive samples were from healthy appearing waterfowl. Multiple subtypes, including H1N1, H1N3, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N1, H4N2, H4N6, H5N1 (clades 2.2.2, 2.3.2.1a, 2.3.4.2), H5N2, H6N1, H7N9, H9N2, H11N2 and H11N3, H11N6 were detected in waterfowl and environmental samples. Environmental samples tested positive for influenza A viruses throughout the year. Avian influenza viruses, including H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes were also identified in backyard and small-scale raised poultry. Live bird markets could be high-risk sites for harboring the viruses and have the potential to infect naive birds and humans exposed to them.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General) > R735 Medical education. Medical schools. Research |
Depositing User: | Symplectic |
Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2022 08:57 |
Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2022 08:57 |
URI: | https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/11613 |