Panagioti, M, Panagopoulou, E, Bower, P, Lewith, G, Kontopantelis, E, Chew-Graham, CA, Dawson, S, van Marwijk, H, Geraghty, K and Esmail, A (2016) Controlled Interventions to Reduce Burnout in Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177 (2). pp. 195-205. ISSN 2168-6114

[thumbnail of C Chew Graham - Controlled Interventions to reduce burnout in physicians.pdf]
Preview
Text
C Chew Graham - Controlled Interventions to reduce burnout in physicians.pdf - Accepted Version

Download (646kB) | Preview

Abstract

Importance Burnout is prevalent in physicians and can have a negative influence on performance, career continuation, and patient care. Existing evidence does not allow clear recommendations for the management of burnout in physicians.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce burnout in physicians and whether different types of interventions (physician-directed or organization-directed interventions), physician characteristics (length of experience), and health care setting characteristics (primary or secondary care) were associated with improved effects.

Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to May 31, 2016. The reference lists of eligible studies and other relevant systematic reviews were hand searched.

Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and controlled before-after studies of interventions targeting burnout in physicians.

Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The main meta-analysis was followed by a number of prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. All analyses were performed using random-effects models and heterogeneity was quantified.

Main Outcomes and Measures The core outcome was burnout scores focused on emotional exhaustion, reported as standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals.

Results Twenty independent comparisons from 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 1550 physicians; mean [SD] age, 40.3 [9.5] years; 49% male). Interventions were associated with small significant reductions in burnout (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.42 to −0.16; equal to a drop of 3 points on the emotional exhaustion domain of the Maslach Burnout Inventory above change in the controls). Subgroup analyses suggested significantly improved effects for organization-directed interventions (SMD = −0.45; 95% CI, −0.62 to −0.28) compared with physician-directed interventions (SMD = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.03). Interventions delivered in experienced physicians and in primary care were associated with higher effects compared with interventions delivered in inexperienced physicians and in secondary care, but these differences were not significant. The results were not influenced by the risk of bias ratings.

Conclusions and Relevance Evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that recent intervention programs for burnout in physicians were associated with small benefits that may be boosted by adoption of organization-directed approaches. This finding provides support for the view that burnout is a problem of the whole health care organization, rather than individuals.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via AMA at https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7674 Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
Subjects: R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Primary Care Health Sciences
Depositing User: Symplectic
Date Deposited: 15 Dec 2016 16:29
Last Modified: 11 Jun 2018 09:22
URI: https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/2676

Actions (login required)

View Item
View Item