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Hua, H, Burke, DL, Crowther, MJ, Ensor, J, Tudur Smith, C and Riley, RD (2016) One-stage individual participant data meta-analysis models: estimation of treatment-covariate interactions must avoid ecological bias by separating out within-trial and across-trial information. Statistics in Medicine, 36 (5). pp. 772-789. ISSN 1097-0258
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Abstract
Stratified medicine utilizes individual-level covariates that are associated with a differential treatment effect, also known as treatment-covariate interactions. When multiple trials are available, meta-analysis is used to help detect true treatment-covariate interactions by combining their data. Meta-regression of trial-level information is prone to low power and ecological bias, and therefore, individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses are preferable to examine interactions utilizing individual-level information. However, one-stage IPD models are often wrongly specified, such that interactions are based on amalgamating within- and across-trial information. We compare, through simulations and an applied example, fixed-effect and random-effects models for a one-stage IPD meta-analysis of time-to-event data where the goal is to estimate a treatment-covariate interaction. We show that it is crucial to centre patient-level covariates by their mean value in each trial, in order to separate out within-trial and across-trial information. Otherwise, bias and coverage of interaction estimates may be adversely affected, leading to potentially erroneous conclusions driven by ecological bias. We revisit an IPD meta-analysis of five epilepsy trials and examine age as a treatment effect modifier. The interaction is -0.011 (95% CI: -0.019 to -0.003; p = 0.004), and thus highly significant, when amalgamating within-trial and across-trial information. However, when separating within-trial from across-trial information, the interaction is -0.007 (95% CI: -0.019 to 0.005; p = 0.22), and thus its magnitude and statistical significance are greatly reduced. We recommend that meta-analysts should only use within-trial information to examine individual predictors of treatment effect and that one-stage IPD models should separate within-trial from across-trial information to avoid ecological bias. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | This is the final published version (version of record). It was first published online via Wiley at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.7171/full - please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | ecological bias, effect modifier, meta-analysis, stratified/precision medicine, treatment-covariate interaction |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine |
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Primary Care Health Sciences |
Related URLs: | |
Depositing User: | Symplectic |
Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2017 15:10 |
Last Modified: | 26 Feb 2021 16:38 |
URI: | https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/2767 |