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Moss, DM, Neary, M and Owen, A (2014) The role of drug transporters in the kidney: lessons from tenofovir. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 5. ISSN 1663-9812
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Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, the prodrug of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir, shows high efficacy and relatively low toxicity in HIV patients. However, long-term kidney toxicity is now acknowledged as a modest but significant risk for tenofovir-containing regimens, and continuous use of tenofovir in HIV therapy is currently under question by practitioners and researchers. Co-morbidities (hepatitis C, diabetes), low body weight, older age, concomitant administration of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, low CD4 count, and duration of therapy are all risk factors associated with tenofovir-associated tubular dysfunction. Tenofovir is predominantly eliminated via the proximal tubules of the kidney, therefore drug transporters expressed in renal proximal tubule cells are believed to influence tenofovir plasma concentration and toxicity in the kidney. We review here the current evidence that the actions, pharmacogenetics, and drug interactions of drug transporters are relevant factors for tenofovir-associated tubular dysfunction. The use of creatinine and novel biomarkers for kidney damage, and the role that drug transporters play in biomarker disposition, are discussed. The lessons learnt from investigating the role of transporters in tenofovir kidney elimination and toxicity can be utilized for future drug development and clinical management programs.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | tenofovir, drug transporters, pharmacokinetics, kidney, toxicity |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Pharmacy |
Depositing User: | Symplectic |
Date Deposited: | 28 Feb 2017 10:51 |
Last Modified: | 17 Mar 2021 16:49 |
URI: | https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/2945 |