Michaleff, ZA, Kamper, SJ, Stinson, JN, Hestbaek, L, Williams, CM, Campbell, P and Dunn, KM (2017) Measuring Musculoskeletal Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 47 (10). 712 - 730. ISSN 0190-6011

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Abstract

Synopsis Accurate, reliable, and timely assessment of pain is critical for effective management of musculoskeletal pain conditions. The assessment of pain in infants, children, and adolescents with and without cognitive impairment can be particularly challenging to clinicians for a number of reasons, including factors related to the consultation (eg, heterogeneous patient population, time constraints), the clinician (eg, awareness/knowledge of available pain scales), standardized assessment scales (eg, availability, psychometric properties, and application of each scale), the patient (eg, developmental stage, ability to communicate), and the context in which the interaction took place (eg, familiarity with the setting and physiological and psychological state). As a result, pain is frequently not assessed or measured during the consultation and, in many instances, underestimated and undertreated in this population. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with an overview of scales that may be used to measure pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Specifically, the paper reviews the various approaches to measure pain intensity; identifies factors that can influence the pain experience, expression, and assessment in infants, children, and adolescents; provides age-appropriate suggestions for measuring pain intensity in patients with and without cognitive impairment; and identifies ways to assess the impact of pain using multidimensional pain scales. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(10):712-730. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7469.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: cognitive impairment; multidimensional pain scales; observation; pain intensity; self-report
Subjects: R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Primary Care Health Sciences
Related URLs:
Depositing User: Symplectic
Date Deposited: 30 Oct 2017 11:17
Last Modified: 30 Oct 2017 11:17
URI: https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4131

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