Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization

Luque, R.; Pallé, E.; Kossakowski, D.; Dreizler, S.; Kemmer, J.; Espinoza, N.; Burt, J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Béjar, V.J.S.; Caballero, J.A.; Collins, K.A.; Collins, K.I.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Feng, F.; Hatzes, A.; Hellier, C.; Henning, T.; Jeffers, S.V.; Kaltenegger, L.; Kürster, M.; Madden, J.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Montes, D.; Narita, N.; Nowak, G.; Ofir, A.; Oshagh, M.; Parviainen, H.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reffert, S.; Reiners, A.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Schlecker, M.; Stock, S.; Trifonov, T.; Winn, J.N.; Zapatero Osorio, M.R.; Zechmeister, M.; Amado, P.J.; Anderson, D.R.; Batalha, N.E.; Bauer, F.F.; Bluhm, P.; Burke, C.J.; Butler, R.P.; Caldwell, D.A.; Chen, G.; Crane, J.D.; Dragomir, D.; Dressing, C.D.; Dynes, S.; Jenkins, J.M.; Kaminski, A.; Klahr, H.; Kotani, T.; Lafarga, M.; Latham, D.W.; Lewin, P.; McDermott, S.; Montañés-Rodríguez, P.; Morales, J.C.; Murgas, F.; Nagel, E.; Pedraz, S.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G.R.; Rowden, P.; Seager, S.; Shectman, S.A.; Tamura, M.; Teske, J.; Twicken, J.D.; Vanderspeck, R.; Wang, S.X.; Wohler, B.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935801

Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization

Luque, R.; Pallé, E.; Kossakowski, D.; Dreizler, S.; Kemmer, J.; Espinoza, N.; Burt, J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Béjar, V.J.S.; Caballero, J.A.; Collins, K.A.; Collins, K.I.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Feng, F.; Hatzes, A.; Hellier, C.; Henning, T.; Jeffers, S.V.; Kaltenegger, L.; Kürster, M.; Madden, J.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Montes, D.; Narita, N.; Nowak, G.; Ofir, A.; Oshagh, M.; Parviainen, H.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reffert, S.; Reiners, A.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Schlecker, M.; Stock, S.; Trifonov, T.; Winn, J.N.; Zapatero Osorio, M.R.; Zechmeister, M.; Amado, P.J.; Anderson, D.R.; Batalha, N.E.; Bauer, F.F.; Bluhm, P.; Burke, C.J.; Butler, R.P.; Caldwell, D.A.; Chen, G.; Crane, J.D.; Dragomir, D.; Dressing, C.D.; Dynes, S.; Jenkins, J.M.; Kaminski, A.; Klahr, H.; Kotani, T.; Lafarga, M.; Latham, D.W.; Lewin, P.; McDermott, S.; Montañés-Rodríguez, P.; Morales, J.C.; Murgas, F.; Nagel, E.; Pedraz, S.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G.R.; Rowden, P.; Seager, S.; Shectman, S.A.; Tamura, M.; Teske...

Authors

R. Luque

E. Pallé

D. Kossakowski

S. Dreizler

J. Kemmer

N. Espinoza

J. Burt

G. Anglada-Escudé

V.J.S. Béjar

J.A. Caballero

K.A. Collins

K.I. Collins

M. Cortés-Contreras

E. Díez-Alonso

F. Feng

A. Hatzes

Coel Hellier c.hellier@keele.ac.uk

T. Henning

S.V. Jeffers

L. Kaltenegger

M. Kürster

J. Madden

K. Molaverdikhani

D. Montes

N. Narita

G. Nowak

A. Ofir

M. Oshagh

H. Parviainen

A. Quirrenbach

S. Reffert

A. Reiners

C. Rodríguez-López

M. Schlecker

S. Stock

T. Trifonov

J.N. Winn

M.R. Zapatero Osorio

M. Zechmeister

P.J. Amado

D.R. Anderson

N.E. Batalha

F.F. Bauer

P. Bluhm

C.J. Burke

R.P. Butler

D.A. Caldwell

G. Chen

J.D. Crane

D. Dragomir

C.D. Dressing

S. Dynes

J.M. Jenkins

A. Kaminski

H. Klahr

T. Kotani

M. Lafarga

D.W. Latham

P. Lewin

S. McDermott

P. Montañés-Rodríguez

J.C. Morales

F. Murgas

E. Nagel

S. Pedraz

I. Ribas

G.R. Ricker

P. Rowden

S. Seager

S.A. Shectman

M. Tamura

J. Teske

J.D. Twicken

R. Vanderspeck

S.X. Wang

B. Wohler

Abstract

We report the detection of a transiting Earth-size planet around GJ 357, a nearby M2.5 V star, using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). GJ 357 b (TOI-562.01) is a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet (Teq = 525 ± 11 K) with a radius of Rb = 1.217 ± 0.084 R? and an orbital period of Pb = 3.93 d. Precise stellar radial velocities from CARMENES and PFS, as well as archival data from HIRES, UVES, and HARPS also display a 3.93-day periodicity, confirming the planetary nature and leading to a planetary mass of Mb = 1.84 ± 0.31 M?. In addition to the radial velocity signal for GJ 357 b, more periodicities are present in the data indicating the presence of two further planets in the system: GJ 357 c, with a minimum mass of Mc = 3.40 ± 0.46 M? in a 9.12 d orbit, and GJ 357 d, with a minimum mass of Md = 6.1 ± 1.0 M? in a 55.7 d orbit inside the habitable zone. The host is relatively inactive and exhibits a photometric rotation period of Prot = 78 ± 2 d. GJ 357 b isto date the second closest transiting planet to the Sun, making it a prime target for further investigations such as transmission spectroscopy. Therefore, GJ 357 b represents one of the best terrestrial planets suitable for atmospheric characterization with the upcoming JWST and ground-based ELTs.

Journal Article Type	Article
Acceptance Date	Jun 27, 2019
Publication Date	Aug 6, 2019
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Print ISSN	2329-1273
Publisher	Hans Publishers
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	628
Article Number	A39
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935801
Keywords	planetary systems, techniques, photometric, radial velocities, stars, individual, G1 357, late-type
Publisher URL	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935801

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Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization

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