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Arboviral bottlenecks and challenges to maintaining diversity and fitness during mosquito transmission.

Forrester-Soto

Arboviral bottlenecks and challenges to maintaining diversity and fitness during mosquito transmission. Thumbnail


Authors

Forrester-Soto



Abstract

The term arbovirus denotes viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, such as ticks, mosquitoes, and other biting arthropods. The infection of these vectors produces a certain set of evolutionary pressures on the virus; involving migration from the midgut, where the blood meal containing the virus is processed, to the salivary glands, in order to transmit the virus to the next host. During this process the virus is subject to numerous bottlenecks, stochastic events that significantly reduce the number of viral particles that are able to infect the next stage. This article reviews the latest research on the bottlenecks that occur in arboviruses and the way in which these affect the evolution and fitness of these viruses. In particular we focus on the latest research on three important arboviruses, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Chikungunya viruses and compare the differing effects of the mosquito bottlenecks on these viruses as well as other evolutionary pressures that affect their evolution and transmission.

Acceptance Date Oct 20, 2014
Publication Date Oct 23, 2014
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Viruses
Publisher MDPI
Pages 3991 - 4004
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/v6103991
Keywords bottlenecks; evolution; arboviruses; viral fitness; West Nile virus; Chikungunya virus; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/10/3991

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