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Heald, A, Laing, I, McLernon, DJ, Donn, R, Hartland, AJ, Fryer, AA and Livingston, M (2017) Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 11. 1 - 7. ISSN 1874-091X
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using laboratory data from a Midlands UK population of mixed ethnicity, we examined the relation between blood concentrations of SHBG and IMD in 1160 women aged between 17 and 71 years. Women with a serum SHBG >250 nmol/L were excluded. RESULTS: Mean age was 28.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2-29.1) years. 48.2% of women were of Caucasian origin, 15.5% of Southern Asian ethnicity and 2.6% were of African or other origin (33.7% were of unknown origin). SHBG increased with age (Spearman's ρ=0.195; p<0.001). A higher proportion of women of South Asian origin versus other ethnic groups had an SHBG <30 nmol/L (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.37-2.71)). SHBG level was lower in individuals with greater socioeconomic disadvantage as measured by IMD (Spearman's ρ= -0.09; p=0.004 for SHBG versus IMD). In multivariate logistic regression, IMD women in the quartiles 2-5 (higher socioeconomic disadvantage) were more likely to have an SHBG <30 nmol/L (compatible with significant insulin resistance) versus quartile 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.53), adjusted for age (OR=0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98)) and ethnicity (for South Asian ethnicity OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.42-2.81) versus the rest). CONCLUSION: Lower SHBG levels in women are associated with a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Given the known association between lower SHBG and higher plasma glucose, our findings suggest a link between socioeconomic disadvantage and future risk of type 2 diabetes.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | Open-Access License: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | BMI, Ethnicity, Index of multiple deprivation, Sex hormone binding globulin, Type 2 diabetes, Women |
Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RZ Other systems of medicine |
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering |
Related URLs: | |
Depositing User: | Symplectic |
Date Deposited: | 28 Apr 2020 09:31 |
Last Modified: | 28 Apr 2020 09:31 |
URI: | https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/7908 |