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Trends in sex-based differences in outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting in the United States between 2004 and 2015

Mamas

Authors



Abstract

Background
The present study sought to examine the trends of sex-based differences in clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), an area in which the current evidence remains limited.
Methods
All US adults hospitalized for first-time isolated CABG in the National Inpatient Sample database between 2004 and 2015 were included, stratified by sex. Multivariable regression analysis examined the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of postoperative in-hospital complications in females versus males. Trend analyses of sex-based differences in in-hospital post-operative complications over the study period were performed.
Results
Overall, 2,537,767 CABG procedures were analyzed, including 27.9% ( n? = ? 708,459) females. Female sex was associated with an increase in adjusted odds of all-cause mortality (OR 1.43 95% CI 1.40, 1.45), stroke (OR 1.34 95% CI 1.32, 1.37) and thoracic complications (OR 1.28 95% CI 1.27, 1.29) and lower odds of all-cause bleeding (OR 0.87 95% CI 0.86, 0.89) compared to males. Trend analysis revealed these sex differences to be persistent for mortality, stroke and thoracic complications ( p trend? = ? non-significant) but eliminated for bleeding over the study period ( p trend? < ? 0.001).
Conclusion
Despite technical advances over the 12-year period, worse post-operative outcomes including death, stroke, and thoracic complications have persisted in female patients after CABG. These findings are concerning and underscore the need for risk reduction strategies to address this disparity gap.

Acceptance Date Jul 27, 2020
Publication Date Dec 1, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal International Journal of Cardiology
Print ISSN 0167-5273
Publisher Elsevier
Pages 42-48
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.07.039
Keywords CABG, Sex, Disparity, Postoperative, Outcomes, Trends
Publisher URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.07.039