Grewal, D, Mohammad, A, Swamy, P, Abudayyeh, I, Mamas, MA and Parwani, P (2020) Diffuse coronary artery vasospasm in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report. World Journal of Cardiology, 12 (9). 468 - 474. ISSN 1949-8462

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Abstract

BACKGROUND Coronary artery vasospasm (CAV) is a reversible, transient form of vasoconstriction with clinical manifestations ranging from stable angina to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Vasospasm of epicardial coronary arteries or associated micro-vasculature can lead to total or subtotal occlusion and has been demonstrated in nearly 50% of patients undergoing angiography for suspected ACS. The mechanism for CAV has been described in literature, but in a subgroup of patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage, it appears to be multifactorial. These patients tend to have electrocardiographic changes, elevation of cardiac biomarkers of injury and neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy. CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old woman presented with severe headaches and tonic-clonic seizures. She was found to have diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) requiring ventricular drain placement, coil embolization and induced hypertension. She subsequently developed chest pain with ST elevations in anterior precordial leads, elevated cardiac enzymes and apical ballooning with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% on transthoracic echocardiogram. Coronary angiogram revealed severe diffuse triple vessel stenoses secondary to CAV seen distally. Subsequent cardiac MRI notable for apical non-viability and scar formation. CONCLUSION This case highlights a unique etiology of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with SAH leading to ST elevations, diffuse triple vessel CAV and apical scar.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Uncontrolled Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Acute coronary syndrome, Stress induced cardiomyopathy, Coronary artery vasospasm, Cerebral vasospasm, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Case report
Subjects: R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC666 Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Primary, Community and Social Care
Related URLs:
Depositing User: Symplectic
Date Deposited: 03 Dec 2020 15:42
Last Modified: 16 Mar 2021 15:21
URI: https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/8971

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