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Scott, LJA, Hirschi, R, Georgy, C, Arnett, WD, Meakin, C, Kaiser, EA, Ekström, S and Yusof, N (2021) Convective core entrainment in 1D main-sequence stellar models. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 503 (3). 4208 - 4220. ISSN 0035-8711
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Abstract
3D hydrodynamics models of deep stellar convection exhibit turbulent entrainment at the convective-radiative boundary which follows the entrainment law, varying with boundary penetrability. We implement the entrainment law in the 1D Geneva stellar evolution code. We then calculate models between 1.5 and 60 M⊙ at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014) and compare them to previous generations of models and observations on the main sequence. The boundary penetrability, quantified by the bulk Richardson number, RiB, varies with mass and to a smaller extent with time. The variation of RiB with mass is due to the mass dependence of typical convective velocities in the core and hence the luminosity of the star. The chemical gradient above the convective core dominates the variation of RiB with time. An entrainment law method can therefore explain the apparent mass dependence of convective boundary mixing through RiB. New models including entrainment can better reproduce the mass dependence of the main-sequence width using entrainment law parameters A ∼ 2 × 10−4 and n = 1. We compare these empirically constrained values to the results of 3D hydrodynamics simulations and discuss implications.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | convection; turbulence; stars: evolution; stars: Hertzsprung-Russell and colour-magnitude diagrams; stars: interiors |
Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QB Astronomy > QB460 Astrophysics Q Science > QB Astronomy > QB600 Planets. Planetology Q Science > QB Astronomy > QB799 Stars Q Science > QC Physics |
Depositing User: | Symplectic |
Date Deposited: | 16 Jun 2021 13:06 |
Last Modified: | 14 Jul 2021 12:37 |
URI: | https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/9746 |